package pq import ( "bytes" "database/sql/driver" "encoding/binary" "encoding/hex" "errors" "fmt" "math" "strconv" "strings" "sync" "time" "github.com/lib/pq/oid" ) func binaryEncode(parameterStatus *parameterStatus, x interface{}) []byte { switch v := x.(type) { case []byte: return v default: return encode(parameterStatus, x, oid.T_unknown) } } func encode(parameterStatus *parameterStatus, x interface{}, pgtypOid oid.Oid) []byte { switch v := x.(type) { case int64: return strconv.AppendInt(nil, v, 10) case float64: return strconv.AppendFloat(nil, v, 'f', -1, 64) case []byte: if pgtypOid == oid.T_bytea { return encodeBytea(parameterStatus.serverVersion, v) } return v case string: if pgtypOid == oid.T_bytea { return encodeBytea(parameterStatus.serverVersion, []byte(v)) } return []byte(v) case bool: return strconv.AppendBool(nil, v) case time.Time: return formatTs(v) default: errorf("encode: unknown type for %T", v) } panic("not reached") } func decode(parameterStatus *parameterStatus, s []byte, typ oid.Oid, f format) interface{} { switch f { case formatBinary: return binaryDecode(parameterStatus, s, typ) case formatText: return textDecode(parameterStatus, s, typ) default: panic("not reached") } } func binaryDecode(parameterStatus *parameterStatus, s []byte, typ oid.Oid) interface{} { switch typ { case oid.T_bytea: return s case oid.T_int8: return int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(s)) case oid.T_int4: return int64(int32(binary.BigEndian.Uint32(s))) case oid.T_int2: return int64(int16(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(s))) case oid.T_uuid: b, err := decodeUUIDBinary(s) if err != nil { panic(err) } return b default: errorf("don't know how to decode binary parameter of type %d", uint32(typ)) } panic("not reached") } func textDecode(parameterStatus *parameterStatus, s []byte, typ oid.Oid) interface{} { switch typ { case oid.T_char, oid.T_varchar, oid.T_text: return string(s) case oid.T_bytea: b, err := parseBytea(s) if err != nil { errorf("%s", err) } return b case oid.T_timestamptz: return parseTs(parameterStatus.currentLocation, string(s)) case oid.T_timestamp, oid.T_date: return parseTs(nil, string(s)) case oid.T_time: return mustParse("15:04:05", typ, s) case oid.T_timetz: return mustParse("15:04:05-07", typ, s) case oid.T_bool: return s[0] == 't' case oid.T_int8, oid.T_int4, oid.T_int2: i, err := strconv.ParseInt(string(s), 10, 64) if err != nil { errorf("%s", err) } return i case oid.T_float4, oid.T_float8: // We always use 64 bit parsing, regardless of whether the input text is for // a float4 or float8, because clients expect float64s for all float datatypes // and returning a 32-bit parsed float64 produces lossy results. f, err := strconv.ParseFloat(string(s), 64) if err != nil { errorf("%s", err) } return f } return s } // appendEncodedText encodes item in text format as required by COPY // and appends to buf func appendEncodedText(parameterStatus *parameterStatus, buf []byte, x interface{}) []byte { switch v := x.(type) { case int64: return strconv.AppendInt(buf, v, 10) case float64: return strconv.AppendFloat(buf, v, 'f', -1, 64) case []byte: encodedBytea := encodeBytea(parameterStatus.serverVersion, v) return appendEscapedText(buf, string(encodedBytea)) case string: return appendEscapedText(buf, v) case bool: return strconv.AppendBool(buf, v) case time.Time: return append(buf, formatTs(v)...) case nil: return append(buf, "\\N"...) default: errorf("encode: unknown type for %T", v) } panic("not reached") } func appendEscapedText(buf []byte, text string) []byte { escapeNeeded := false startPos := 0 var c byte // check if we need to escape for i := 0; i < len(text); i++ { c = text[i] if c == '\\' || c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\t' { escapeNeeded = true startPos = i break } } if !escapeNeeded { return append(buf, text...) } // copy till first char to escape, iterate the rest result := append(buf, text[:startPos]...) for i := startPos; i < len(text); i++ { c = text[i] switch c { case '\\': result = append(result, '\\', '\\') case '\n': result = append(result, '\\', 'n') case '\r': result = append(result, '\\', 'r') case '\t': result = append(result, '\\', 't') default: result = append(result, c) } } return result } func mustParse(f string, typ oid.Oid, s []byte) time.Time { str := string(s) // check for a 30-minute-offset timezone if (typ == oid.T_timestamptz || typ == oid.T_timetz) && str[len(str)-3] == ':' { f += ":00" } t, err := time.Parse(f, str) if err != nil { errorf("decode: %s", err) } return t } var errInvalidTimestamp = errors.New("invalid timestamp") type timestampParser struct { err error } func (p *timestampParser) expect(str string, char byte, pos int) { if p.err != nil { return } if pos+1 > len(str) { p.err = errInvalidTimestamp return } if c := str[pos]; c != char && p.err == nil { p.err = fmt.Errorf("expected '%v' at position %v; got '%v'", char, pos, c) } } func (p *timestampParser) mustAtoi(str string, begin int, end int) int { if p.err != nil { return 0 } if begin < 0 || end < 0 || begin > end || end > len(str) { p.err = errInvalidTimestamp return 0 } result, err := strconv.Atoi(str[begin:end]) if err != nil { if p.err == nil { p.err = fmt.Errorf("expected number; got '%v'", str) } return 0 } return result } // The location cache caches the time zones typically used by the client. type locationCache struct { cache map[int]*time.Location lock sync.Mutex } // All connections share the same list of timezones. Benchmarking shows that // about 5% speed could be gained by putting the cache in the connection and // losing the mutex, at the cost of a small amount of memory and a somewhat // significant increase in code complexity. var globalLocationCache = newLocationCache() func newLocationCache() *locationCache { return &locationCache{cache: make(map[int]*time.Location)} } // Returns the cached timezone for the specified offset, creating and caching // it if necessary. func (c *locationCache) getLocation(offset int) *time.Location { c.lock.Lock() defer c.lock.Unlock() location, ok := c.cache[offset] if !ok { location = time.FixedZone("", offset) c.cache[offset] = location } return location } var infinityTsEnabled = false var infinityTsNegative time.Time var infinityTsPositive time.Time const ( infinityTsEnabledAlready = "pq: infinity timestamp enabled already" infinityTsNegativeMustBeSmaller = "pq: infinity timestamp: negative value must be smaller (before) than positive" ) // EnableInfinityTs controls the handling of Postgres' "-infinity" and // "infinity" "timestamp"s. // // If EnableInfinityTs is not called, "-infinity" and "infinity" will return // []byte("-infinity") and []byte("infinity") respectively, and potentially // cause error "sql: Scan error on column index 0: unsupported driver -> Scan // pair: []uint8 -> *time.Time", when scanning into a time.Time value. // // Once EnableInfinityTs has been called, all connections created using this // driver will decode Postgres' "-infinity" and "infinity" for "timestamp", // "timestamp with time zone" and "date" types to the predefined minimum and // maximum times, respectively. When encoding time.Time values, any time which // equals or precedes the predefined minimum time will be encoded to // "-infinity". Any values at or past the maximum time will similarly be // encoded to "infinity". // // If EnableInfinityTs is called with negative >= positive, it will panic. // Calling EnableInfinityTs after a connection has been established results in // undefined behavior. If EnableInfinityTs is called more than once, it will // panic. func EnableInfinityTs(negative time.Time, positive time.Time) { if infinityTsEnabled { panic(infinityTsEnabledAlready) } if !negative.Before(positive) { panic(infinityTsNegativeMustBeSmaller) } infinityTsEnabled = true infinityTsNegative = negative infinityTsPositive = positive } /* * Testing might want to toggle infinityTsEnabled */ func disableInfinityTs() { infinityTsEnabled = false } // This is a time function specific to the Postgres default DateStyle // setting ("ISO, MDY"), the only one we currently support. This // accounts for the discrepancies between the parsing available with // time.Parse and the Postgres date formatting quirks. func parseTs(currentLocation *time.Location, str string) interface{} { switch str { case "-infinity": if infinityTsEnabled { return infinityTsNegative } return []byte(str) case "infinity": if infinityTsEnabled { return infinityTsPositive } return []byte(str) } t, err := ParseTimestamp(currentLocation, str) if err != nil { panic(err) } return t } // ParseTimestamp parses Postgres' text format. It returns a time.Time in // currentLocation iff that time's offset agrees with the offset sent from the // Postgres server. Otherwise, ParseTimestamp returns a time.Time with the // fixed offset offset provided by the Postgres server. func ParseTimestamp(currentLocation *time.Location, str string) (time.Time, error) { p := timestampParser{} monSep := strings.IndexRune(str, '-') // this is Gregorian year, not ISO Year // In Gregorian system, the year 1 BC is followed by AD 1 year := p.mustAtoi(str, 0, monSep) daySep := monSep + 3 month := p.mustAtoi(str, monSep+1, daySep) p.expect(str, '-', daySep) timeSep := daySep + 3 day := p.mustAtoi(str, daySep+1, timeSep) minLen := monSep + len("01-01") + 1 isBC := strings.HasSuffix(str, " BC") if isBC { minLen += 3 } var hour, minute, second int if len(str) > minLen { p.expect(str, ' ', timeSep) minSep := timeSep + 3 p.expect(str, ':', minSep) hour = p.mustAtoi(str, timeSep+1, minSep) secSep := minSep + 3 p.expect(str, ':', secSep) minute = p.mustAtoi(str, minSep+1, secSep) secEnd := secSep + 3 second = p.mustAtoi(str, secSep+1, secEnd) } remainderIdx := monSep + len("01-01 00:00:00") + 1 // Three optional (but ordered) sections follow: the // fractional seconds, the time zone offset, and the BC // designation. We set them up here and adjust the other // offsets if the preceding sections exist. nanoSec := 0 tzOff := 0 if remainderIdx < len(str) && str[remainderIdx] == '.' { fracStart := remainderIdx + 1 fracOff := strings.IndexAny(str[fracStart:], "-+ ") if fracOff < 0 { fracOff = len(str) - fracStart } fracSec := p.mustAtoi(str, fracStart, fracStart+fracOff) nanoSec = fracSec * (1000000000 / int(math.Pow(10, float64(fracOff)))) remainderIdx += fracOff + 1 } if tzStart := remainderIdx; tzStart < len(str) && (str[tzStart] == '-' || str[tzStart] == '+') { // time zone separator is always '-' or '+' (UTC is +00) var tzSign int switch c := str[tzStart]; c { case '-': tzSign = -1 case '+': tzSign = +1 default: return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("expected '-' or '+' at position %v; got %v", tzStart, c) } tzHours := p.mustAtoi(str, tzStart+1, tzStart+3) remainderIdx += 3 var tzMin, tzSec int if remainderIdx < len(str) && str[remainderIdx] == ':' { tzMin = p.mustAtoi(str, remainderIdx+1, remainderIdx+3) remainderIdx += 3 } if remainderIdx < len(str) && str[remainderIdx] == ':' { tzSec = p.mustAtoi(str, remainderIdx+1, remainderIdx+3) remainderIdx += 3 } tzOff = tzSign * ((tzHours * 60 * 60) + (tzMin * 60) + tzSec) } var isoYear int if isBC { isoYear = 1 - year remainderIdx += 3 } else { isoYear = year } if remainderIdx < len(str) { return time.Time{}, fmt.Errorf("expected end of input, got %v", str[remainderIdx:]) } t := time.Date(isoYear, time.Month(month), day, hour, minute, second, nanoSec, globalLocationCache.getLocation(tzOff)) if currentLocation != nil { // Set the location of the returned Time based on the session's // TimeZone value, but only if the local time zone database agrees with // the remote database on the offset. lt := t.In(currentLocation) _, newOff := lt.Zone() if newOff == tzOff { t = lt } } return t, p.err } // formatTs formats t into a format postgres understands. func formatTs(t time.Time) []byte { if infinityTsEnabled { // t <= -infinity : ! (t > -infinity) if !t.After(infinityTsNegative) { return []byte("-infinity") } // t >= infinity : ! (!t < infinity) if !t.Before(infinityTsPositive) { return []byte("infinity") } } return FormatTimestamp(t) } // FormatTimestamp formats t into Postgres' text format for timestamps. func FormatTimestamp(t time.Time) []byte { // Need to send dates before 0001 A.D. with " BC" suffix, instead of the // minus sign preferred by Go. // Beware, "0000" in ISO is "1 BC", "-0001" is "2 BC" and so on bc := false if t.Year() <= 0 { // flip year sign, and add 1, e.g: "0" will be "1", and "-10" will be "11" t = t.AddDate((-t.Year())*2+1, 0, 0) bc = true } b := []byte(t.Format("2006-01-02 15:04:05.999999999Z07:00")) _, offset := t.Zone() offset = offset % 60 if offset != 0 { // RFC3339Nano already printed the minus sign if offset < 0 { offset = -offset } b = append(b, ':') if offset < 10 { b = append(b, '0') } b = strconv.AppendInt(b, int64(offset), 10) } if bc { b = append(b, " BC"...) } return b } // Parse a bytea value received from the server. Both "hex" and the legacy // "escape" format are supported. func parseBytea(s []byte) (result []byte, err error) { if len(s) >= 2 && bytes.Equal(s[:2], []byte("\\x")) { // bytea_output = hex s = s[2:] // trim off leading "\\x" result = make([]byte, hex.DecodedLen(len(s))) _, err := hex.Decode(result, s) if err != nil { return nil, err } } else { // bytea_output = escape for len(s) > 0 { if s[0] == '\\' { // escaped '\\' if len(s) >= 2 && s[1] == '\\' { result = append(result, '\\') s = s[2:] continue } // '\\' followed by an octal number if len(s) < 4 { return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid bytea sequence %v", s) } r, err := strconv.ParseInt(string(s[1:4]), 8, 9) if err != nil { return nil, fmt.Errorf("could not parse bytea value: %s", err.Error()) } result = append(result, byte(r)) s = s[4:] } else { // We hit an unescaped, raw byte. Try to read in as many as // possible in one go. i := bytes.IndexByte(s, '\\') if i == -1 { result = append(result, s...) break } result = append(result, s[:i]...) s = s[i:] } } } return result, nil } func encodeBytea(serverVersion int, v []byte) (result []byte) { if serverVersion >= 90000 { // Use the hex format if we know that the server supports it result = make([]byte, 2+hex.EncodedLen(len(v))) result[0] = '\\' result[1] = 'x' hex.Encode(result[2:], v) } else { // .. or resort to "escape" for _, b := range v { if b == '\\' { result = append(result, '\\', '\\') } else if b < 0x20 || b > 0x7e { result = append(result, []byte(fmt.Sprintf("\\%03o", b))...) } else { result = append(result, b) } } } return result } // NullTime represents a time.Time that may be null. NullTime implements the // sql.Scanner interface so it can be used as a scan destination, similar to // sql.NullString. type NullTime struct { Time time.Time Valid bool // Valid is true if Time is not NULL } // Scan implements the Scanner interface. func (nt *NullTime) Scan(value interface{}) error { nt.Time, nt.Valid = value.(time.Time) return nil } // Value implements the driver Valuer interface. func (nt NullTime) Value() (driver.Value, error) { if !nt.Valid { return nil, nil } return nt.Time, nil }